Peptide Monographs

Exenatide

Exenatide is a peptide, indexed here under Incretin receptor agonists.

Identity

Measured identity values, each with the source that reports it
FieldValue
ClassificationPeptide
Primary classIncretin receptor agonists
CAS registry number141758-74-9[1]
PubChem CID45588096[1]
UniProt accessionUnknown No UniProt query was run in v1.
Molecular formulaC184H282N50O60S[1]
Molecular weight4187 g/mol[1]
Amino-acid sequenceUnknown Not reported by the PubChem property set retrieved for this record; no sequence database query was run in v1.
Reported half-lifeUnknown No pharmacokinetics source was retrieved in v1. PubChem does not carry half-life as a property, so this is recorded as not yet sourced rather than estimated.

What the cited literature examines

Exenatide is the synthetic form of exendin-4, a peptide first isolated from the venom of the lizard Heloderma suspectum. A 1992 Journal of Biological Chemistry paper reports that isolation, a 1993 paper in the same journal reports that exendin-4 is a high potency agonist at the glucagon-like peptide 1 receptor, and a 1999 Diabetes paper reports that it stimulates beta-cell replication and neogenesis in a rodent model. The Drugs@FDA register returned approved applications under this generic name; those products are recorded in the regulatory status field and are not what this page describes.

The clinical records are large trials in type 2 diabetes: three 2004 and 2005 Diabetes Care papers report glycaemic control over 30 weeks in patients on metformin, a sulfonylurea, or both, a 2005 Annals of Internal Medicine paper compares it with insulin glargine, a 2008 Lancet paper compares once-weekly with twice-daily administration, a 2009 Lancet paper compares it with liraglutide, and a 2017 New England Journal of Medicine paper reports cardiovascular outcomes with once-weekly administration. A 2017 Lancet paper reports a randomised placebo-controlled trial in Parkinson disease.

[3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10, 11, 12, 13]

Reported mechanism

A GLP-1 receptor agonist; the retrieved 1993 record reports exendin-4 as a high potency agonist at the GLP-1 receptor.

[4]

Stated in the title of the cited 1993 Journal of Biological Chemistry paper.

Targets named in the cited records: GLP-1 receptor.

FDA application register

A query of the FDA Drugs@FDA application register on 2026-10-09 returned 2 application record(s) for this compound name (including ANDA206697, NDA021773, marketed as EXENATIDE SYNTHETIC, BYETTA). Material supplied as a research chemical is not the subject of those applications and is not an FDA-approved product.[2]

Scope statement: this records the result of a single automated query against the openFDA drugsfda endpoint on the stated date. It is not legal advice and is not a jurisdiction-by-jurisdiction legality assessment.

Retrieved 2026-10-09.

Amounts reported in the cited literature

Unknown. No retrieved record in this dataset states an amount, so none is shown. Where an amount is recorded it is what a named study reported administering in its own stated model, in the past tense, and is not a protocol.

No study-reported dose was taken from a source read in v1. Literature-reported values are only recorded where the retrieved citation metadata states the figure.

Adverse effects reported in the cited literature

Unknown. No retrieved record in this dataset reports an adverse effect for this compound, so no row is shown. Absence of a row records the absence of a retrieved report, nothing more.

No adverse-effect row was taken from a source read in v1. Rows are only recorded with the study model named and the reporting citation attached.

Other names

Exenatide appears under these other names in the cited records or in common usage. Each one resolves to this page rather than to a separate page of its own.

Where this page sits

Research records

Cited research records for Exenatide, each with its identifier, the publication type it is indexed as, and the study model stated by its assigned subject headings.

Compounds indexed next to it

Named targets in the cited records

Class page: Incretin receptor agonists. Full index: all indexed compounds.

Questions this page answers

What does the cited literature examine for Exenatide?

Exenatide is the synthetic form of exendin-4, a peptide first isolated from the venom of the lizard Heloderma suspectum. A 1992 Journal of Biological Chemistry paper reports that isolation, a 1993 paper in the same journal reports that exendin-4 is a high potency agonist at the glucagon-like peptide 1 receptor, and a 1999 Diabetes paper reports that it stimulates beta-cell replication and neogenesis in a rodent model.

Which class is Exenatide indexed under?

Exenatide is indexed under Incretin receptor agonists. Incretin receptor agonists are synthetic peptides that bind one or more of the incretin and glucagon family receptors, principally the glucagon-like peptide-1 receptor.

What does the FDA application register show for Exenatide?

A query of the FDA Drugs@FDA application register on 2026-10-09 returned 2 application record(s) for this compound name (including ANDA206697, NDA021773, marketed as EXENATIDE SYNTHETIC, BYETTA). Material supplied as a research chemical is not the subject of those applications and is not an FDA-approved product.

Sources

  1. PubChem Compound Summary for CID 45588096, Exenatide. PubChem, National Library of Medicine (2026). pubchem:45588096
  2. Drugs@FDA application register query for this compound, 2 application(s) returned: ANDA206697, NDA021773. U.S. Food and Drug Administration, openFDA drugsfda endpoint (2026). fda:exenatide
  3. Isolation and characterization of exendin-4, an exendin-3 analogue, from Heloderma suspectum venom. Further evidence for an exendin receptor on dispersed acini from guinea pig pancreas. The Journal of biological chemistry (1992). pmid:1313797
  4. Exendin-4 is a high potency agonist and truncated exendin-(9-39)-amide an antagonist at the glucagon-like peptide 1-(7-36)-amide receptor of insulin-secreting beta-cells. The Journal of biological chemistry (1993). pmid:8396143
  5. Exendin-4 stimulates both beta-cell replication and neogenesis, resulting in increased beta-cell mass and improved glucose tolerance in diabetic rats. Diabetes (1999). pmid:10580413
  6. Effects of exenatide (exendin-4) on glycemic control over 30 weeks in sulfonylurea-treated patients with type 2 diabetes. Diabetes care (2004). pmid:15504997
  7. Effects of exenatide (exendin-4) on glycemic control over 30 weeks in patients with type 2 diabetes treated with metformin and a sulfonylurea. Diabetes care (2005). pmid:15855571
  8. Effects of exenatide (exendin-4) on glycemic control and weight over 30 weeks in metformin-treated patients with type 2 diabetes. Diabetes care (2005). pmid:15855572
  9. Exenatide versus insulin glargine in patients with suboptimally controlled type 2 diabetes: a randomized trial. Annals of internal medicine (2005). pmid:16230722
  10. Exenatide once weekly versus twice daily for the treatment of type 2 diabetes: a randomised, open-label, non-inferiority study. Lancet (London, England) (2008). pmid:18782641
  11. Liraglutide once a day versus exenatide twice a day for type 2 diabetes: a 26-week randomised, parallel-group, multinational, open-label trial (LEAD-6). Lancet (2009). pmid:19515413
  12. Effects of Once-Weekly Exenatide on Cardiovascular Outcomes in Type 2 Diabetes. The New England journal of medicine (2017). pmid:28910237
  13. Exenatide once weekly versus placebo in Parkinson's disease: a randomised, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial. Lancet (London, England) (2017). pmid:28781108

On each stated value was matched to the record cited for it. That is record matching, not an appraisal of the research. Compiled and checked by: Peptide Monographs editorial desk. No qualified clinical reviewer.

Further reading